also called backup passport
A passport from a second citizenship, or in some cases a lawful duplicate of your existing one.
A second passport usually means a passport from a second citizenship you hold, though in some cases it is a lawful duplicate of your existing one. The nuance separates it from dual citizenship, which is strictly about holding two nationalities: a duplicate passport is one nationality, two booklets. Either way, the point is more freedom, whether more countries open to you or a spare document to travel on while your main one sits at an embassy.
You need to send your only passport to an embassy for a visa, but you also have a work trip that month. A lawfully issued second passport lets you keep travelling on one booklet while the other is locked in the visa process, instead of being grounded until it comes back.
A second nationality widens travel and residence options; a duplicate lets you travel while one passport is with an embassy for a visa.
The difference is the whole point, so here is each one in a line.
Dual citizenship is holding two nationalities at once, and a second passport is the document of that second citizenship.
Citizenship by investment is one way to get there, acquiring a nationality in exchange for a large investment or donation to a country, rather than through ancestry or years of residence.
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