§ Tax

Flat tax

also called single-rate tax

An income tax charged at one fixed percentage rate regardless of how much you earn.

Lump-sum taxationNon-domNon-Habitual ResidentFlat tax
Solid lines are terms people actually mix up with Flat tax. The rest sit in the same subject, special low-tax regimes for new arrivals. Lump-sum taxation · Non-dom · Non-Habitual Resident

Right, in plain English

An income tax charged at a single fixed percentage no matter how much you earn, so a bigger income still means a bigger bill, just at the same rate. It is easy to mix up with lump-sum taxation, which is a set amount you pay regardless of income, so the more you earn the smaller a share it becomes. One scales with your earnings, the other does not.

Someone comparing two low-tax countries assumes a flat tax and a lump-sum deal work the same way and picks based on a rough guess. Because a flat tax rises with their high income while the lump sum would have stayed fixed, they badly misjudge which one actually leaves them with more.

Why it matters

A flat tax still scales with income because it is a percentage, while lump-sum taxation is a fixed amount you pay no matter your income. Nomads comparing low-tax regimes confuse the two and badly misjudge what they would actually owe.

Special low-tax regimes for new arrivals · 4 terms

These are the favourable schemes some countries offer people who move in.
Non-dom status treats a resident whose permanent home is elsewhere kindly on foreign income, Portugal's Non-Habitual Resident and Spain's Beckham Law are time-limited versions of that idea, and lump-sum taxation in Switzerland and Italy lets certain wealthy residents pay a fixed annual amount instead of tax on actual worldwide income.
A flat tax is the broader idea of one fixed rate regardless of how much you earn.

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